Thinking about all the animals that were born this year that are experiencing freezing temperatures for the first time tonight.

Show Post

Further upsection, in the Permian, we start getting representatives like Sclerocephalus, an abundant predator in the coal swamps of Pangaean Germany.

Show Post

This stem tetrapod skull represents the skull of a temnospondyl, Greererpeton, from Mississippian strata of the Mauch Chunk Formation in West Virginia. Our Carboniferous ancestors started out as apex predators, the largest carnivores on land ... and don't you forget it.

Show Post

The other other bony fish, lobe finned sarcopterygian types, include coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods. More on those in a bit ...

Show Post

Bony fish took two very divergent approaches on evolutionary success. In the aquatic realm, we see representatives of the ray finned actinopterygian fishes, who today range from the sky (Exocoetidae, the flying fish ... briefly!) to the abyss (Luparidae, snailfishes).

Show Post